Download PDF Outliers: The Story of Success, by Malcolm Gladwell
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Outliers: The Story of Success, by Malcolm Gladwell
Download PDF Outliers: The Story of Success, by Malcolm Gladwell
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Amazon.com Review
Amazon Best of the Month, November 2008: Now that he's gotten us talking about the viral life of ideas and the power of gut reactions, Malcolm Gladwell poses a more provocative question in Outliers: why do some people succeed, living remarkably productive and impactful lives, while so many more never reach their potential? Challenging our cherished belief of the "self-made man," he makes the democratic assertion that superstars don't arise out of nowhere, propelled by genius and talent: "they are invariably the beneficiaries of hidden advantages and extraordinary opportunities and cultural legacies that allow them to learn and work hard and make sense of the world in ways others cannot." Examining the lives of outliers from Mozart to Bill Gates, he builds a convincing case for how successful people rise on a tide of advantages, "some deserved, some not, some earned, some just plain lucky." Outliers can be enjoyed for its bits of trivia, like why most pro hockey players were born in January, how many hours of practice it takes to master a skill, why the descendents of Jewish immigrant garment workers became the most powerful lawyers in New York, how a pilots' culture impacts their crash record, how a centuries-old culture of rice farming helps Asian kids master math. But there's more to it than that. Throughout all of these examples--and in more that delve into the social benefits of lighter skin color, and the reasons for school achievement gaps--Gladwell invites conversations about the complex ways privilege manifests in our culture. He leaves us pondering the gifts of our own history, and how the world could benefit if more of our kids were granted the opportunities to fulfill their remarkable potential. --Mari Malcolm
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From Publishers Weekly
SignatureReviewed by Leslie ChangIn Outliers, Gladwell (The Tipping Point) once again proves masterful in a genre he essentially pioneered—the book that illuminates secret patterns behind everyday phenomena. His gift for spotting an intriguing mystery, luring the reader in, then gradually revealing his lessons in lucid prose, is on vivid display. Outliers begins with a provocative look at why certain five-year-old boys enjoy an advantage in ice hockey, and how these advantages accumulate over time. We learn what Bill Gates, the Beatles and Mozart had in common: along with talent and ambition, each enjoyed an unusual opportunity to intensively cultivate a skill that allowed them to rise above their peers. A detailed investigation of the unique culture and skills of Eastern European Jewish immigrants persuasively explains their rise in 20th-century New York, first in the garment trade and then in the legal profession. Through case studies ranging from Canadian junior hockey champions to the robber barons of the Gilded Age, from Asian math whizzes to software entrepreneurs to the rise of his own family in Jamaica, Gladwell tears down the myth of individual merit to explore how culture, circumstance, timing, birth and luck account for success—and how historical legacies can hold others back despite ample individual gifts. Even as we know how many of these stories end, Gladwell restores the suspense and serendipity to these narratives that make them fresh and surprising.One hazard of this genre is glibness. In seeking to understand why Asian children score higher on math tests, Gladwell explores the persistence and painstaking labor required to cultivate rice as it has been done in East Asia for thousands of years; though fascinating in its details, the study does not prove that a rice-growing heritage explains math prowess, as Gladwell asserts. Another pitfall is the urge to state the obvious: No one, Gladwell concludes in a chapter comparing a high-IQ failure named Chris Langan with the brilliantly successful J. Robert Oppenheimer, not rock stars, not professional athletes, not software billionaires and not even geniuses—ever makes it alone. But who in this day and age believes that a high intelligence quotient in itself promises success? In structuring his book against that assumption, Gladwell has set up a decidedly flimsy straw man. In the end it is the seemingly airtight nature of Gladwell's arguments that works against him. His conclusions are built almost exclusively on the findings of others—sociologists, psychologists, economists, historians—yet he rarely delves into the methodology behind those studies. And he is free to cherry-pick those cases that best illustrate his points; one is always left wondering about the data he evaluated and rejected because it did not support his argument, or perhaps contradicted it altogether. Real life is seldom as neat as it appears in a Malcolm Gladwell book. (Nov.)Leslie T. Chang is the author of Factory Girls: From Village to City in a Changing China (Spiegel & Grau). Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Product details
Hardcover: 309 pages
Publisher: Little, Brown and Company; 1 edition (November 18, 2008)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 9780316017923
ISBN-13: 978-0316017923
ASIN: 0316017922
Product Dimensions:
5.6 x 1 x 8.2 inches
Shipping Weight: 15.2 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.6 out of 5 stars
5,155 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#6,040 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
Malcolm Gladwell, a writer for the New Yorker (wonderful articles on NFL concussions and NYC rubber rooms in 2009), released this book in the fall of 2008. It spent a few months on the non-fiction best seller list. Gladwell explains that stories of success are usually much more complicated than people (or the media) often make them appear. He writes that the American arch-type of the self-made man is really a myth, and that a great deal of success is often the result of a mixture of time, parents, practice, opportunity and chance.(1) A brilliant point that he offers is that 14 of the 75 richest people in world history (translated into 2008 dollars) were Americans born in the 1830's. He cites that they had to be young enough to avoid the pre-civil War mind-set but old enough to take advantage of the opportunities that Wall Street, the railroads and industrial manufacturing provided between 1865 and 1880. This was one of his several examples about the importance of being born at the right time.(2) Gladwell explained how most of the European immigrants who ended up in NYC in the late 1800's and early 1900's did not have a skill or trade. The Jews that came from Eastern Europe usually had some experience with clothing; as a result, NYC was the world center of garment making during the first half of the 20th century, and the new businesses that sprung up and flourished were almost entirely owned and run by Jews. The children of garment workers (and owners) learned the importance of persuasion, hustle, shrewdness and long hours. Many garment workers' children became professionals, such as doctors and lawyers.(3) He forwards the "10,000" rule in chapter 2 and cites that the Beatles were on stage for about 10,000 hours in Hamburg, Germany, and that experience transformed them into a band that could play lots of songs in a variety of different styles. Bill Gates also had 10,000 hours of practice on a computer in the late 60's, and Mozart wrote music for about 10,000 hours before he started turning out his greatest work.(4) The Beatles were given the opportunity to play in Hamburg because of the relationship that a booking agent from Liverpool had with some Germans. Gates had access to a computer because of where he grew up (going to a rich school that was close to the University of Washington) and who he knew (a friend's parents got them 24 hour access to computers around Seattle). Chris Langan, an American with an IQ of 195, never had many opportunities, and so his brain was largely squandered (which Gladwell details in his chapter "The Trouble with Geniuses, Part I").(5) There is a huge amount of luck that runs through all of these pieces. Working at something for 10,000 hours is individually driven, but timing, parents and opportunity has nothing to do with being self-made.Gladwell writes in the same style as ESPN's Bill Simmons (whose latest book he wrote the intro for). He is easy to follow, he is funny and he uses a great deal of footnotes. The great flaw in Gladwell's work is that while his arguments and connections are interesting and make sense, they are not driven by research or that much hard data. He relies on anecdotal stories and hammering his points repeatedly. He rarely provides an opposing view to his points.
This is not just a good book. This is an important book. One of the first things I realized in reading this book by Malcolm Gladwell is that his position is diametrically opposite from that of Dr. Ben Carson, who through his campaign for the presidency stated that "poverty is a state of mind." Carson emphasized that despite all odds he was able to pull himself out of poverty and become a neurosurgeon and accomplish the things he did.Gladwell's book states early that success doesn't happen in a vacuum. It isn't based on intelligence, but on a variety of factors, and he uses multiple examples to demonstrate that we as a nation could have many more successful people in our country if we were to accept that it takes a village to make successes out of our children. In fact, he shows that hard work and opportunity in almost all cases are more important than intelligence.One story tells of the Canadian hockey league and the fascinating statistic that the vast majority of all successful hockey players are born in January, February or March. Why? Because the cutoff date for signing children is January 1, and those born in the first three months have a distinct advantage in age, experience and size in relation to those they play against. That same cutoff date is used by other countries, such as the Czech Republic, for not only hockey but soccer as well, which means that children born in the later part of the year consistently are overlooked when it comes to team sports. It's a built-in bias.These biases are all around us, and determine who succeeds or fails, constantly. In addition, the bias of a culture has a significant effect on how well a student does. Gladwell talks about the belief that Asians are better at math, which he shows is because their languages are more number-friendly, leading children to count earlier, and which make math simpler. In addition, he shows the inherent tradition of hard work of southern China had resulted in a work ethic for their descendants that continues today.Many of the stories are supported with statistics. One of the most eye-opening to me was his observation of the impact on summer vacation. Statistics show that the amount that lower-, middle-, and upper-class students learn in elementary school each year isn't that significantly different. But when you compare what they learn or forget over summer vacation, there is a significant discrepancy. Upper-class parents keep their children busy with lessons and classes all summer, while in most situations lower and even middle-class students don't do much during the summer and often forget much of what they have learned the previous year. As the summers add up, the problem compounds. And so the difference between upper, middle and lower class widens.The book is significant, easy to read, and extremely thought provoking. I highly recommend it.
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